Ukeneye Igishushanyo cya 2D cyangwa Fayili ya 3D kugirango ushiremo inshinge?

Ubusanzwe answeryou ukenera byombi, ariko bikora intego zitandukanye

Umuguzi yigeze kohereza dosiye imwe ya 3D kubantu bake batanga ibikoresho, yiteze ko hashyizweho amagambo asukuye, yagereranijwe muminsi mike. Icyagarutse ahubwo ni uruvange rw'imibare hirya no hino, kandi buri jambo ryarimo interuro nka "ukeka ko kwihanganira bisanzwe" cyangwa "hategerejwe gusubirwamo bwa nyuma." Ntanumwe mubatanze ibintu byari bigoye nkana. Ntabwo gusa bari bafite amakuru ahagije yo kuvuga neza, kandi buriwese yujuje icyuho hamwe nibitekerezo bye bwite, niyo mpamvu rwose imibare itatondekanye.

Kuvanga - hejuru bibaho buri gihe mugukoresha ibikoresho, kandi mubisanzwe biza kumvikana kubyo dosiye ya 3D ivugana mubyukuri nibyo igishushanyo cya 2D cyongeraho hejuru yacyo. Moderi ya 3D isa neza kuri ecran. Yerekana imiterere, umurongo, ibipimo rusange, kandi biroroshye gutekereza ko ayo ari amakuru ahagije kubantu bose kubaka amagambo yukuri kuva. Ariko imiterere yonyine ntabwo ibwira ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana ibipimo bigomba kuba byuzuye kandi bifite aho bihumeka, kandi icyo cyuho niho hava amagambo adahuye.

Niba witegura gusaba ibisobanuro kubikorwa bya Injection Mold Igishushanyo mbonera, gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro imbere bizagukiza uruziga cyangwa bibiri byamagambo atera urujijo, kandi ni ibiganiro bitanu - umunota wishyura inshuro nyinshi mugihe umushinga utangiye.

Niki dosiye ya 3D ibwira mubyukuri

Kuki 3D geometrie ikenewe kugirango bigererwe kandi bigaragare

Idosiye ya 3D itanga igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yikigice cyawe, kikaba ari ingenzi mugutegura imiterere ya cavity, gukora imitegekere yimigenzereze kugirango urebe uburyo plastiki yashongeshejwe izuzuza urwobo, no kumenya ahantu inzibacyuho yurukuta ishobora gutera ubukonje cyangwa ibibazo. Hatariho geometrike nyayo ya 3D, ntanumwe murisesengura rishoboka, niyo mpamvu dosiye ya 3D mubyukuri itangirira kumurimo uwo ariwo wose ukomeye wo gushushanya, nubwo ari kimwe cya kabiri cyibyo uruganda rukeneye kuvuga no gushushanya neza.

Imiterere ya dosiye isanzwe ya 3D inganda zemera

Inganda nyinshi zemera amadosiye ya STEP nkibisanzwe, kubera ko STEP ibika amakuru ya geometrike neza muburyo bwa software nyinshi CAD ishobora gusoma utitaye kuri progaramu yabanje kuyikora. IGES ni format ishaje iracyakora kuri geometrike yibanze ariko rimwe na rimwe irashobora gutakaza neza neza mubutaka bugoye. Amadosiye ya STL, asanzwe akoreshwa mugucapisha 3D, agereranya imiterere nkurushundura rwa mpandeshatu ntoya aho kuba imibare nyayo yimibare, ikora neza kubireba amashusho atagaragara ariko ntibisobanutse neza kubikorwa byogushushanya, kuko ubuso bushobora kwerekana amakosa mato ya geometrike yinjira mubibazo byo kwihanganira. Niba utazi neza imiterere ya software yawe ya CAD ishobora kohereza hanze, INTAMBWE hafi ya yose iraboneka nkuburyo bwo kohereza hanze kandi nuburyo bwiza bwo kohereza.

Niki igishushanyo cya 2D cyongeraho ko dosiye ya 3D idashobora gutanga

Kwihanganirana gukomeye hamwe no guhamagarwa kwa GD&T

Idosiye ya 3D irakwereka imiterere yizina ryigice, ariko ntikubwira ibipimo byingenzi kandi bifite byinshi bihinduka. Igishushanyo cya 2D hamwe na GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning na Tolerancing) guhamagarwa byerekana neza uburyo itandukaniro ryemewe kuri buri gipimo gikomeye, amakuru ahindura muburyo buryo bwo gushushanya ibishushanyo mbonera byorohereza kwihanganira umwobo kandi, akenshi, igiciro cya nyuma cyavuzwe.

Kurangiza isura, ibintu bifatika, hamwe ninyandiko ziba hanze yicyitegererezo cya 3D

Ubuso bwo kurangiza ibisabwa, ibikoresho byihariye byo guhamagarwa, hamwe nibikorwa rusange byo gukora mubisanzwe bibaho kumashusho ya 2D aho gushirwa muri 3D geometrie ubwayo. Igishushanyo mbonera gikora muri dosiye ya 3D yonyine ntigifite uburyo bwo kumenya niba ukeneye indorerwamo - isize yo kwisiga cyangwa isuku isanzwe, kandi iryo tandukaniro ryonyine rishobora guhindura amagambo ku buryo bugaragara.

Impamvu dosiye ya 3D yonyine akenshi iganisha kumagambo adahwitse

Bikekwa ko kwihanganira vs ibyo usabwa byukuri

Hatariho igishushanyo cya 2D cyerekana kwihanganira, inganda nyinshi zidashobora kwihanganira ubucuruzi busanzwe, mubisanzwe murwego rwa ± 0.1mm kugeza ± 0.15mm kubipimo rusange hagati yubunini -. Niba porogaramu yawe nyayo ikeneye kwihanganira cyane, vuga ± 0.03mm ku kintu cyihariye gikomeye, kandi icyo gisabwa ntigishobora kumenyeshwa, birashoboka ko uzakira amagambo ashingiye ku gitekerezo kitari cyo rwose, kimwe gisa nkicyoroshye cyane kugeza igihe icyifuzo cyo kwihanganira kigaragara nyuma yumushinga, akenshi mugihe cyo gusuzuma icyitegererezo mugihe cyatinze kugirango uhindure amagambo utababara.

Ibyago byo gutora cyangwa gutsinda birenze urugero rukomeye rwerekanwe

Gusobanura bishingiye kubitekerezo byoroheje bitera kwibeshya bitera gutungurwa nyuma nyuma yo gukenera kwihanganira cyane, akenshi bigatera amagambo ahenze gusubiramo hagati - umushinga. Kurenza urugero bibaho nanone, mugihe uwabitanze yitonze yiyemeje kwihanganira byimazeyo igice cyose kugirango yirinde, ibiciro muburyo ushobora kuba udakeneye ahantu hose. Ntabwo ibisubizo bigukorera neza, kandi byombi birashobora kwirindwa hamwe nigishushanyo cya 2D gikwiye guhera, kuva ugaragaza neza aho kwihanganira gukomeye bifite akamaro bituma igiciro cyuruganda gisigaye igice cyumvikana.

Gusaba - ibisabwa byihariye bya dosiye

Ibikoresho byo guteramo plastike kubushyuhe bwo mu kirere Akayunguruzo - kuki guhamagarira mesh kwihanganira bifite akamaro kuruta imiterere ya 3D yonyine

Kuburyo bwa Plastike Yashizwe Kumashanyarazi Yerekana Akayunguruzo, Imiterere ya 3D yigice rusange ntigifite akamaro kuruta kwihanganira byimazeyo kuri buri gufungura meshi kugiti cye, kubera ko ibi bice bisaba kwihanganira gufungura byakozwe mumajana magana ya milimetero hejuru yugurura amajana. Idosiye ya 3D yonyine yerekana ubunini bwo gufungura izina ariko ntacyo ivuga kubijyanye no gutandukana byemewe, ubwo ni bwo buryo burambuye bugomba kubaho ku gishushanyo cya 2D gikwiye cyangwa ibisobanuro byanditse mbere yuko uruganda rushobora kuvuga neza. Kureka iyi ntambwe akenshi bisobanura ikiganiro cya mbere nyacyo kijyanye no kwihanganira mesh kibaho nyuma yigikoresho kimaze kubakwa, nicyo gihe gihenze cyane gishoboka cyo kuvumbura itandukaniro riri hagati yicyatekerezwaga nicyari gikenewe.

Gutera inshinge kuri moto ya moto kuki impapuro zo kwihanganira uburebure bwurukuta ari ngombwa kumutekano - amagambo akomeye

Kuburyo bwo gutera inshinge za Helmets ya moto, kwihanganira ubukuta bwurukuta nimwe murwego rwingenzi cyane mubice byose, mubisanzwe bikenera kuguma muri 0.1 - 0.2mm bitandukanye bitewe numutekano muke usabwa. Idosiye ya 3D yerekana ubugari bwurukuta rwateganijwe kuri buri mwanya, ariko hatabayeho guhamagarwa kwihanganira, uruganda ntirufite uburyo bwo kumenya uburyo ubwo bunini bugomba kugenzurwa mugihe cyo gukora, amakuru agira ingaruka kuburyo bwombi bwo gushushanya no kugiciro cyanyuma. Kubice aho ibyemezo byumutekano biri kumurongo, ibi ntabwo aribintu bikwiye gusigara kubitekerezo bisanzwe.

Bigenda bite iyo ufite icyitegererezo cyumubiri gusa, nta dosiye namba

Gusikana 3D nkintangiriro

Niba urimo ukora uhereye kumubiri uhari udafite dosiye za CAD zihari, scan ya 3D irashobora guhindura - injeniyeri dosiye ikoreshwa ya 3D, mubisanzwe ifata geometrie yubuso muburyo bwa magana abiri ya milimetero bitewe nibikoresho byo gusikana byakoreshejwe. Ibi bitanga igishushanyo mbonera aho gutangirira aho gukora gusa kumafoto cyangwa ibisobanuro mumvugo, kandi ni umusingi wizewe kuruta kugerageza gusobanura imirongo igoye ninzibacyuho mu nyandiko.

Kuki dosiye ya scan iracyakeneye isubiramo ryubuhanga mbere yo gusubiramo

Gusikana mbisi bifata imiterere yikigice nkuko kibaho, ariko ntigahita imenya ibipimo byari bigamije mbere na mbere kuba impanuka, cyangwa niba icyitegererezo cyumubiri ubwacyo gifite inenge zakozwe zakozwe muri geometrie. Idosiye ya skaneri isanzwe ikenera injeniyeri kugirango asukure amakuru kandi yongereho ibitekerezo byihanganirwa mbere yuko yitegura neza kubijyanye na cote nyayo, ikwiye guteganya igihe cyinyongera mugihe utangiye kurugero rwumubiri aho kuba dosiye zisanzwe. Kureka iyi ntambwe yo gusukura no gusubiramo mu buryo butaziguye ibyago byo gusikana bishobora guteka udusembwa twabandi dukora mubikoresho byawe bishya.

Ibisabwa bya dosiye ukurikije icyiciro

Nukuri - ibintu byisi - umuguzi wabonye amagambo atatu atandukanye yo muri dosiye imwe ya 3D

Umuguzi ushakisha ifumbire kubintu bishya yohereje amadosiye ya 3D asa nabaguzi batatu kandi yakiriye amagambo yatandukanye hafi 40% hagati yo hejuru na hasi. Icyuho cyari kinini kuburyo umuguzi yabanje gutekereza ko uwatanze isoko yarenze igiciro cya padi, ibyo bikaba aribisanzwe byambere iyo amagambo yakwirakwiriye kure. Urujijo, umuguzi yasabye buriwese gutanga isoko gusobanura ibiciro byabo aho gutoranya umubare muto hanyuma ugakomeza.

Umwe yari yafashe icyemezo cyo kwihanganira ubucuruzi muri rusange. Undi yari yafashe icyemezo cyo kwihanganira cyane bikwiranye nicyiciro rusange cyigice, ibiciro muburyo busobanutse neza kugirango bibe byiza. Uwa gatatu yari yashyize ahagaragara amakuru yerekeye kwihanganira yabuze kandi abaza ibibazo bisobanutse mbere yo gusubiramo na gato, yimanika ahantu hagati yandi abiri, kandi niwe wenyine wahagurukiye gukemura ikibazo aho kuzuza bucece igitekerezo.

Umuguzi amaze gusubira inyuma agatanga igishushanyo mbonera cya 2D cyerekana ibipimo bifatika, abatanga ibicuruzwa uko ari batatu barabisabye, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryaragabanutse kugera munsi ya 10%, urwego rwumvikana rwose rugaragaza itandukaniro nyaryo mubikorwa byumusaruro aho kuba ibitekerezo bitandukanye kubisabwa bitavuzwe. Isomo ryagumanye numuguzi ujya imbere: dosiye ya 3D yonyine itumira buriwese utanga isoko kugirango yuzuze ibitandukanye ukundi, kandi igishushanyo gikwiye nicyo gituma rwose imvugo igereranywa, igahindura urujijo rwo gukwirakwiza imibare muri pome nyayo - kugereranya - kugereranya pome.

2D gushushanya vs dosiye ya 3D - icyo buri kimwe mubyukuri

Inganda zinganda - kuki inganda nyinshi zisaba dosiye zombi imbere

Mu myaka mike ishize, inganda nyinshi zatewe inshinge zatangiye gusaba dosiye ya 3D hamwe nigishushanyo cya 2D nkigice gisanzwe cyibikorwa byabo byo gufata, aho kwakira dosiye ya 3D yonyine no gusubiramo bishingiye kubitekerezo. Ihinduka ryerekana imyumvire igenda yiyongera mu nganda zidasobanutse neza hakiri kare, izakenera gukosorwa cyane iyo ibisabwa byukuri byo kwihanganira kugaragara, guta igihe haba kubaguzi no muruganda kandi bikunda kwangiza ikizere mumibanire mbere yuko umushinga utangira neza.

Iyi myiyerekano yajyanye no kwaguka kwinshi kwi bicu - bishingiye ku mbuga za interineti hamwe n’ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gusesengura CAD, bishobora kwerekana amakuru yabuze kwihanganira mu buryo bwikora iyo dosiye ya 3D yoherejwe. Inganda zikoresha ibi bikoresho zimaze kumenyera gusaba ibyangombwa byuzuye imbere aho gusubiramo amakuru atuzuye kandi twizeye ibyiza, kandi abaguzi baza biteguye hamwe nubwoko bwamadosiye yombi bakunda kunyura mubikorwa byavuzwe byihuse kurusha abatanga dosiye ya 3D bonyine bagategereza gukurikira ibibazo - hejuru.

Urutonde rufatika mbere yo kohereza icyifuzo

Tegura dosiye ya 3D muburyo bwa STEP, imiterere yemewe cyane kuri geometrie nyayo

Tegura igishushanyo cya 2D cyerekana kwihanganira bikomeye hamwe na GD&T guhamagarwa, ntabwo ari ibipimo rusange

Icyitonderwa cyo kurangiza ibisabwa bisobanutse neza, kubera ko ibi bisobanuro bidakunze kubaho muri 3D geometrie yonyine

Kugaragaza urwego rwibikoresho nibisabwa byose byemewe imbere

Niba ukora uhereye kumubiri gusa, bije igihe cyinyongera cyo gusikana 3D no gukora isuku mbere yo gusaba amagambo

Nigute ushobora guhitamo uruganda rwizewe rubaza ibibazo bikwiye mbere yo gusubiramo

Uruganda rukomeye rwo gutera inshinge rushobora kubaza ubwoko bwamadosiye yombi, cyangwa byibuze ukabaza ibibazo bisobanutse kubijyanye nibisabwa kwihanganira, mbere yo gusubiza ijambo, kubera ko gusubiramo ibyiringiro kuri dosiye ya 3D yonyine utabajije kubyerekeye kwihanganira akenshi ni ikimenyetso uwatanze isoko yuzuza icyuho hamwe nibitekerezo byabo aho gushyira ahagaragara ibyo bakeneye kumenya.

Ibibazo

Niba witegura gusaba ibisobanuro kubishusho ya ecran ya ecran, ingofero yingofero, cyangwa ikindi gikorwa icyo aricyo cyose cyohereza, ohereza hejuru ya dosiye yawe ya 3D hamwe na 2D gushushanya hamwe kandi twishimiye gusubiramo byombi no gushyira ibendera ikintu cyose gishobora kugira ingaruka kubiciro mbere yuko wiyemeza kuvuga neza, bityo ugereranya imibare nyayo kuruta gukeka.

Menyesha nonaha